Investigation of the Association Between Metabolic Biomarkers and Neurophysiological Findings in Idiopathic Sensorimotor Polyneuropathy

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the association between atherogenic lipid indices—namely the Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP), TG/HDL, and LDL/HDL ratios—and electrophysiological findings in patients with idiopathic sensorimotor polyneuropathy, and to determine the clinical utility of these parameters in assessing disease severity.Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study included patients diagnosed with idiopathic sensorimotor polyneuropathy based on electrophysiological examination (EMG). Neuropathy severity was classified as mild, moderate, or severe according to electrophysiological findings. AIP, TG/HDL-C, and LDL/HDL-C ratios were also analyzed. Statistical comparisons were performed using appropriate parametric or nonparametric tests, and a p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: A total of 304 patients were included and classified according to EMG severity as mild (n=72), moderate (n=101), and severe (n=131). Demographic characteristics were similar among the groups (p>0.05). HDL-cholesterol levels decreased significantly with increasing neuropathy severity (p<0.001), whereas triglyceride levels, TG/HDL-C and LDL/HDL-C ratios, and the Atherogenic Index of Plasma increased progressively across the severity groups (all p<0.05).Conclusion: Atherogenic lipid indices, particularly the AIP, TG/HDL-C, and LDL/HDL-C ratios, were significantly associated with electrophysiological severity in patients with idiopathic sensorimotor polyneuropathy. These findings suggest that atherogenic dyslipidemia may contribute to peripheral nerve damage and that these readily available metabolic indices may serve as potential biomarkers of disease severity.