Outdoor exercise in old age: experiences, motivations and perceptions through participants in the BlueGym project

This study explores the motivations and meanings that older adults attribute to their participation in the BlueGym project, a program centered on wave riding, designed to promote physical activity in natural ‘blue’ environments, particularly the ocean. A focus group was conducted with 12 participants (11 women and 1 man) over 65 years and with no prior wave riding experience, using a validated focus group guide. Thematic analysis revealed three main components: (C1) motivation, including the challenge of societal prejudices and the desire for social engagement; (C2) experiences, highlighting environmental barriers balanced by a strong preference for aquatic immersion and (C3) personal and social impact, characterized by enhanced self-confidence, a sense of belonging and feelings of rejuvenation. Despite initial reservations about entering the ocean and using surfing equipment, participants demonstrated high enthusiasm and openness to changing themselves. The aquatic setting was associated with feelings of freedom, well-being and renewal. The project fostered a sense of belonging and raised awareness of wave riding-related stereotypes. Wave riding was the most favored activity, and the absence of dropouts indicated strong commitment, demonstrating how blue space activities effectively empowered older adults to challenge assumptions, embrace new experiences and enhance inclusion in local surfing culture.