Impact of Dark Matter and String Clouds on Shadow and Thermodynamic Properties of quantum Oppenheimer-Snyder Black Holes

This study investigates quantum-improved black holes surrounded by a cloud of strings and immersed in dark matter. Starting from the underlying spacetime geometry, we analyze how quantum corrections, string cloud, and the presence of dark matter modeled as a perfect fluid modify the geometrical structure and physical properties of the black hole. The optical features of the system are explored through a detailed examination of the photon sphere and the resulting black hole shadow, highlighting potential observational signatures that could distinguish this configuration from classical black hole models. In addition, we study the motion of test particles around the black hole, with particular emphasis on how the presence of dark matter and string clouds influences orbital stability and the location of the innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO). The dynamics of a spin-0 scalar field in this background spacetime are also analyzed. Finally, the thermodynamic properties of the black hole are examined, demonstrating how both string clouds and dark matter affect key thermodynamic quantities.