Local Community Awareness, Participation, and Attitude Toward Wildlife Conservation in Gambella National Park, Western Ethiopia

Community awareness, participation, and attitudes are fundamental to achieving effective wildlife conservation. This study evaluated awareness of park management, conservation participation, and wildlife attitudes among local communities adjacent to Ethiopia’s Gambella National Park (GNP). Data were gathered through household surveys (n = 206), focus group discussions, and key informant interviews. Most respondents (>50%) were familiar with the park and its conservation goals, yet engagement in related activities was low (33%), and awareness gaps persisted. Positive attitudes toward wildlife were prevalent (>90% of the respondents), but limited livelihood options restricted adherence to conservation regulations. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that both awareness (β = 0.68, p < .001) and participation (β = 0.54, p < .001) were significant predictors of community attitudes. These findings highlight the need for collaborative management, targeted awareness initiatives, and alternative livelihoods to boost community engagement and achieve sustainable conservation in GNP.