Exploratory study identifies ACE and SDOH phenotypes in adults seeking neuropsychological evaluation for ADHD, suggesting further investigation is needed.
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and social determinants of health (SDOH) are associated with increased risk of neurodevelopmental conditions (i.e. Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder [ADHD]). Yet, limited research characterizes the presence of these factors in adults seeking evaluation. This exploratory study used latent profile analysis to examine ACE/SDOH phenotypes in 273 adult patients referred for neuropsychological evaluation to rule out ADHD. We identified five profiles: "minimal distress," "sexual abuse," "higher abuse/neglect/ACEs," "moderate abuse/neglect/ACEs," and "academic/social problems," with excellent class separation. Further characterizing ACE/SDOH phenotypes may be critically important for contextualizing neuropsychological findings; however, future research that includes additional indicators of SDOH is needed.
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Hernandez‐Vallant et al. (2026) studied this question.
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