Relative Frequency of Preoperative Anemia in Elective Surgical Candidates at Hospitals Affiliated to Yazd Islamic Azad University

Background and ObjectivesDiagnosis and management of preoperative anemia are essential for improving in surgical outcome and minimizing blood transfusion risks.The aim of this study was to investigate the anemia among patients scheduled for elective surgeries at two hospitals affiliated to Yazd Islamic Azad University. Materials and MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, 400 patients admitted for elective surgery were evaluated.Demographic and clinical data, including age, sex, type of surgery, number of transfused blood units, ward, anemia, hemoglobin levels, and the duration of hospital stay, were collected using a checklist.Statistical analyses were performed by SPSS version 22, using T-Test, ANOVA, and Chi-square tests. ResultsOf the 400 patients, 101 (25%) were males and 299 (75%) females with a mean age of 36.2312.78years.The average hemoglobin level was 14.571.78g/dL in males and 12.461.43g/dL in females.The frequency of preoperative anemia was 27.8%.Anemia was more frequent in females (31.1%) compared to males (17.8%) (OR = 2.08; 95% CI: 1.18-3.66;p = 0.01).The highest anemia rates were observed in the orthopedic (45.5%) and gynecology (32.5%) wards.Anemia was notably common among patients under going hip replacement and hysterectomy procedures (p= 0.012).Blood Transfusion was administered to 18 patients (4.5%).Anemic patients received significantly more blood units (for males: p= 0.047, for females: p< 0.001).There was a significant relationship between the average hemoglobin levels before and after RBC transfusion (p= 0.013). ConclusionsThe findings showed that nearly one-third of elective surgical patients suffered from anemia prior to surgery, which increase the likelihood of receiving blood transfusion.Early detection and treatment of anemia before surgery may reduce blood transfusion rates and improve surgical outcomes.