Key result
High-risk sociometabolic cluster linked to ~10.2-fold higher odds of prevalent hypertension in women.
Why the study?
Current guidelines provide limited information on high-risk groups that should be targeted for the primary prevention of essential hypertension.
Cross-Sectional (n=798)
Yes
Cluster analysis identified specific social (older age, rural area, lower education) and metabolic phenotypes associated with a significantly higher risk of prevalent hypertension, highlighting subgroups for targeted primary prevention.
Essential hypertension (HTN) has a complex spectrum of pathophysiological determinants and current guidelines provide limited information on high-risk groups that should be targeted for its primary prevention. The objective of our research was to identify clusters of social and metabolic factors associated with prevalent HTN in men and women from a population-based survey in Romania. Of the 1477 participants in the main study, 798 with complete data were analyzed here. Using two-step cluster analysis, one high-risk cluster in women and two high and intermediate risk for prevalent HTN in men were identified. Older age, rural area, lower education, and higher burden of metabolic factors characterized clusters with higher risk, while intermediate risk in men was characterized by a more metabolically healthy phenotype in younger individuals. In logistic regression, men in Cluster 1 vs. those in Cluster 3 had an odds ratio (OR) of 9.6 (95%CI: 4.6; 20.0), p < 0.001 for prevalent HTN, while OR for Cluster 2 vs. Cluster 3 was 3.2 (95%CI: 1.4; 7.4), p = 0.005. In women, the OR for HTN was 10.2 (95%CI: 5.7; 18.5) if assigned to Cluster 2 vs. Cluster 1, p < 0.001. These results pointed out the subgroups and communities that the primary prevention of HTN should be prioritized in.
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Bala et al. (2023) conducted a cross-sectional in Hypertension (n=798). High-risk sociometabolic clusters vs. Low-risk sociometabolic clusters was evaluated on Prevalent hypertension (Cluster 2 vs Cluster 1 in women) (OR 10.2, 95% CI 5.7; 18.5, p=<0.001). Assignment to high-risk sociometabolic clusters, characterized by older age, rural residence, and metabolic burden, was associated with substantially higher odds of prevalent hypertension (OR 9.6 in men and OR 10.2 in women).
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