Clinical value of neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin detection in acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a prevalent and severe complication occurs after cardiac surgery. Its high incidence rate and poor prognosis underscores the critical importance of early diagnosis. Traditional biomarkers, such as serum creatinine, are difficult to meet the need for timely identification and intervention due to lag and lack of sensitivity. In contrast, neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL), a rapidly released molecule after renal tubular injury, has shown unique clinical application potential. Recent researches have revealed that NGAL may serve as a powerful tool for early warning and risk stratification of AKI following cardiac surgery. Therefore, we summarized the biological characteristics and early diagnostic value of NGAL in AKI following cardiac surgery. We also analyzed the NGAL’s guidance in clinical treatment and its implications for both short-term and long-term patient outcomes. Furthermore, we systematically compared NGAL to traditional and emerging biomarkers, highlighting its strengths and limitations. A comprehensive understanding of these aspects could pave the way for improved diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in managing AKI.