Comparative activity-based mapping of Rythu Bazaars: participation patterns and active ageing in everyday public markets

This paper examines how spatial configuration shapes participation patterns in three Rythu Bazaars, a state-supported farmer market system, in Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India. Using comparative activity-based mapping derived from non-participant observation, the study documents variations in corridor geometry, entry hierarchy, parking interface, and environmental exposure. Although the markets operate under a shared governance model, differences in spatial organization correspond with circulation patterns, pause conditions, and temporal rhythms of engagement. The findings demonstrate that everyday market participation is mediated through spatial design and show how layered mapping can inform modest, evidence-based refinements that support age-inclusive public market environments and active ageing.