Chia Seed Oil Ameliorates Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Female Wistar Rats: An Electrocardiographic, Biochemical and Histopathological Approach

Figures

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  Fig. 1. A Typical ECG graph showing PR interval, QRS complex, ST segment, QT interval. B Representative ECG of normal control, DOX control, DOX + CSO 2.5 ml/kg and DOX + CSO 5 ml/kg. a Reduced QRS complex amplitude, b Prolongation of QT interval, c Non-specific ST segment, d Increased PR interval

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  Fig. 2. Effect of DOX and CSO on ECG parameters. A PR interval (ms), B QT interval (ms), C QTc-interval (ms), D QRS complex (ms). Data were represented as mean ± SD, and one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test (***p ≤ 0.001, **p ≤ 0.01, *p ≤ 0.05 a compared to control, b compared to DOX control), NC: Normal control, Test-A: DOX + CSO 2.5 ml/kg and Test-B: DOX + CSO 5 ml/kg

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  Fig. 3. Effect of DOX and CSO on serum cardiac injury biomarkers. A Creatinine kinase. B Creatinine kinase-MB. C Aspartate aminotransferase. D Lactate dehydrogenase. Data were represented as mean ± SD, one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test (***p ≤ 0.001, **p ≤ 0.01, *p ≤ 0.05 a compared to control, b compared to DOX control), NC: Normal control, Test-A: DOX + CSO 2.5 ml/kg and Test-B: DOX + CSO 5 ml/kg

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  Fig. 4. Effect of DOX and CSO on Oxidative stress parameters. A Reduced glutathione. B Malondialdehyde.. Data were represented as mean ± SD, one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test (***p ≤ 0.001, **p ≤ 0.01, *p ≤ 0.05 a compared to control, b compared to DOX control), NC: Normal control, Test-A: DOX + CSO 2.5 ml/kg and Test-B: DOX + CSO 5 ml/kg

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  Fig. 5. Effect of DOX and CSO on heart anatomy. A Representative photographs of isolated hearts after the end of the experiment. B Longitudinal section of cardiac tissue stained with H & E under 400X, ( i Inter muscular edema, ii Infiltration with inflammatory cells, iii Myofibrillar loss, iv Cardiomyocytes degeneration, v Vacuolization)