Understanding stigma and mental health among the transgender sex workers: A phenomenological inquiry

The present study employs a qualitative method to explore how stigma and discrimination shape the psychological health of transgender sex workers (m to f) who have faced heightened vulnerability in a heteronormative society. Drawing on 16 in-depth interviews conducted in India through purposive sampling, the study reveals that participants navigate dual forms of stigma which includes stigma attached to gender identity and stigma associated with sex work reflecting a layered form of marginalization. These intersecting stigmas contribute to persistent mental distress, manifesting through self-harming behaviors, social withdrawal, suicidal ideation, and past suicide attempts. Frequent encounters with body shaming, violence, harassment, forced sex, and unsafe sexual practices increase their susceptibility to sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), and HIV/AIDS. The study underscores the need for gender-affirmative, and inclusive mental health policies that address the intersecting marginalization of the transgender sex workers.