从"发现程序"到"毁灭程序":哈耶克自发秩序的内在退化机制

F. A. Hayek's theory of "spontaneous order" is widely regarded as one of the most profound philosophical foundations of 20th-century liberalism. He argued that the market is an un-designed "discovery procedure" that utilizes dispersed local knowledge through countless individual trials and errors. However, this paper points out that Hayek failed to diagnose the inherent possibility of degeneration within spontaneous order. When winners in competition accumulate sufficient resources, they can monopolize the power to define the rules, turning selection into a closed loop serving vested interests rather than open competition. At this point, spontaneous order degenerates from a "discovery procedure" into a "destruction procedure"—prices cease to be neutral signals, the rule of law ceases to be an abstract rule protecting all, and the legitimacy of individual self-preservation is stripped away. Using the Political Philosophy Cohesion Model as a diagnostic tool, this paper classifies this defect as a "completable dynamic deficiency" within Hayek's framework—his underlying axiom (individual ignorance) does not preclude the introduction of corrective mechanisms, but Hayek himself failed to provide one. The paper concludes that spontaneous order must be governed by a transcendent value to prevent it from degenerating from an open discovery procedure into a closed destruction procedure.