Relationship between oligomenorrhea, BMI, mood disturbances, and sleep quality: an observational perspective

Introduction The menstrual cycle is a recurring hormonal process that prepares the female reproductive system for pregnancy, typically lasting 21–35 days with an average of 28 days. Menstrual disturbances affect 30–40% of women globally. Oligomenorrhea affects the HPO axis, therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the association of Oligomenorrhea with BMI, Mood changes and Sleep quality among teenagers and young adults. Method This comparative study was conducted on 100 divided equally into two groups: 50 with oligomenorrhea and 50 with normal menstrual cycle. Participants were selected on the basis of selection criteria. After obtaining informed consent, they completed a structured form divided into three sections: Demographic details, Pittsburgh PSQI and HDRS-17. Result Females with oligomenorrhea demonstrated significantly higher depression scores (HDRS, p < 0.001) and poorer sleep parameters, including overall sleep quality, latency, duration, efficiency, disturbance, daytime dysfunction, and global PSQI score (all p < 0.001). No significant relationship was observed between oligomenorrhea and the use of sleep medication ( p = 0.033) or BMI ( p > 0.005). Data analysis Descriptive Mean analysis was done for demographic evaluation. T-Test was used for the comparison between the groups with Alpha value of 0.005. Conclusion There is a significant association between oligomenorrhea and disturbances in both emotional and sleep among young women but not on BMI.