Sustainability practices and structural constraints in an Austrian FoodCoop explored through participatory action research

This study examines how sustainability is interpreted and practiced within an Austrian FoodCoop, based on a four-year participatory action research process. Combining survey data, interviews, observations and document analysis, it offers a multi-level analysis of behavioural, social and structural dynamics in a grassroots food initiative. Using a logic model of sustainable consumption grounded in self-determination theory, the study investigates key determinants of behavioural change alongside contextual factors such as affordability and access. The model is extended through qualitative insights into the organisational and relational mechanisms that link determinants, everyday practices and perceived impacts. Findings show that participation in the FoodCoop fosters knowledge, empowerment and social connection among both consumers and producers. Members report changes in purchasing habits, more deliberate planning and heightened ecological awareness, while producers highlight autonomy, value alignment and opportunities for direct engagement with consumers. At the same time, financial uncertainty, small and irregular order volumes and coordination burdens limit the cooperative’s economic viability as a primary sales channel. Organisational routines and governance structures shape how far democratic ideals can be realised. The FoodCoop thus functions as an informal learning space and community of practice that supports sustainable consumption, but remains constrained by limited resources, institutional marginality and reliance on voluntary labour. Rather than providing systemic solutions, it prefigures alternative economic and relational arrangements under existing structural conditions. The findings underscore the need to support grassroots food networks through flexible funding, shared infrastructures, low-threshold participation formats and stronger recognition of civic food initiatives in regional sustainability strategies.