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Noninterpenetrating structures are formed by self-assembly of cadmium salts and long flexible ligands. In one case exceptional ninefold interlocked homochiral helices are built from achiral components (see picture). The helices are chemically independent but physically interwoven. This represents the highest degree of entanglement presently known for a noninterpenetrating system.
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Wang et al. (2004) studied this question.
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