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In 1996, an epidemic of 393 cases of laboratory-confirmed West Nile meningoencephalitis occurred in southeast Romania, with widespread subclinical human infection. Two case-control studies were performed to identify risk factors for acquiring infection and for developing clinical meningoencephalitis after infection. Mosquitoes in the home were associated with infection (reported by 37 97% of 38 asymptomatically seropositive persons compared with 36 72% of 50 seronegative controls, P<.01) and, among apartment dwellers, flooded basements were a risk factor (reported by 15 63% of 24 seropositive persons vs. 11 30% of 37 seronegative controls, P=.01). Meningoencephalitis was not associated with hypertension or other underlying medical conditions but was associated with spending more time outdoors (meningoencephalitis patients and asymptomatically seropositive persons spent 8.0 and 3.5 h medians outdoors daily, respectively, P<.01). Disease prevention efforts should focus on eliminating peridomestic mosquito breeding sites and reducing peridomestic mosquito exposure.
Han et al. (Fri,) studied this question.