Key result
Co-infection with PCV2 and HPS4 in piglets significantly increased PCV2 viral loads, exacerbated systemic injuries, and enhanced the incidence of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome compared to single infections.
p-value: p=<0.05
Coinfection with HPS4 increases the virulence and pathogenicity of PCV2 in piglets, leading to severe PMWS.
May inform swine coinfection models; leaves open whether findings translate to field management or other species.
BACKGROUND: Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) is an emerging disease in swine. Pigs with PMWS are often infected with a variety of other pathogens, including bacteria, viruses and mycoplasm, in addition to porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2). PCV2 and Haemophilus parasuis serovar 4 (HPS4) coinfection remain epidemic in China. METHODS: Here we report construction of a three-week-old naturally farrowed, colostrum-deprived (NFCD) piglet's infection model and demonstrate that PCV2-infected piglets with the HPS4 coinfection increased the virulence of PCV2 and these pathogens interact acquired PMWS. RESULTS: All the single infected piglets were transiently bacteremic or viremic. All the PCV2/HPS4 coinfected piglets developed PMWS, characterized by dyspnea, anorexia, prostration and lose weight severely. Co-infection with PCV2 and HPS4 resulted in an increased amount of virus in serum and tissues, presented a slower generation and lower levels of antibodies against PCV2. Co-infection with PCV2 and HPS4 resulted in further reductions in total and differential peripheral blood leukocyte counts. Meantime, PCV2/ HPS4 coinfection potentiated the severity of lung and lymphoid lesions by PCV2-associated, increased the virulence of PCV2-antigen and enhanced the incidence of PMWS in piglets. CONCLUSION: Co-infection with PCV2 and HPS4 induce the exacerbation of system injuries and enhance the pathogenicity of PCV2 in piglets.
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Liu et al. (2017) studied Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) (n=24). PCV2 and HPS4 coinfection vs. PCV2 alone, HPS4 alone, and uninfected control was evaluated on Incidence of PMWS and PCV2 viral load (p=<0.05). Co-infection with PCV2 and HPS4 in piglets significantly increased PCV2 viral loads, exacerbated systemic injuries, and enhanced the incidence of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome compared to single infections.
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