Laparoscopic Surgery and Anesthesia

Laparoscopic surgery (LS) is superior to conventional laparotomy due to its advantages, such as less trauma, early mobilization, minimal blood loss, less scarring, reduced postoperative pain, shorter postoperative recovery time and hospital stay, and lower mortality and morbidity. Significant hemodynamic, cardiopulmonary, and physiological changes occur in the systems due to increased intra-abdominal pressure and hypercarbia after carbon dioxide insufflation is applied for pneumoperitoneum (PP) during LS. The main goals in anesthesia management are understanding the primary pathophysiology, optimizing functional status and hemodynamics, and managing comorbidities. To minimize the effects and impacts of PP in patients who will undergo LS, as in every patient, comprehensive preoperative evaluation should be carried out by multidisciplinary approach that includes an anesthesiologist and surgeon. Our review emphasizes the importance of pathophysiological and systemic changes during LS performed by applying PP and summarizes the recovery and postoperative complications of anesthesia methods applied in clinical practice.