Key result
Co-morbid anxiety significantly increased the odds of depression by nearly 20-fold (OR 19.83) among Malaysian patients with diabetes.
Why the study?
Depression and anxiety frequently complicate diabetes mellitus, but data regarding their prevalence and associated factors among Malaysian diabetic patients remained scarce.
What is the prevalence of depression and anxiety, and their associated factors, among Malaysian patients with diabetes mellitus?
Cross-Sectional (n=300)
No
What is the prevalence of depression and anxiety, and their associated factors, among Malaysian patients with diabetes mellitus?
Odds Ratio: 19.83 (95% CI 5.63–69.92)
p-value: p=<0.001
Depression and anxiety are prevalent among Malaysian diabetic patients, with strong bidirectional associations between the two, highlighting the need for routine psychosocial screening and multidisciplinary management.
May support anxiety screening in diabetes care; leaves open causality and generalizability.
BACKGROUND: Depression and anxiety are common psychiatric complications affecting patients with diabetes mellitus. However, data on the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and associated factors among Malaysian diabetic patients is scarce. The Anxiety, Depression, and Personality Traits in Diabetes Mellitus (ADAPT-DM) study aimed to determine the prevalence of depression and anxiety, and their associated factors in the Malaysian diabetic population. METHODS: This cross-sectional study recruited 300 diabetic patients via convenience sampling from the Endocrine outpatient clinic of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, a tertiary referral healthcare facility in Kuala Lumpur. Socio-demographic characteristics and clinical history were obtained from each participant. The Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) was administered to assess anxiety symptoms, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) to assess depressive symptoms, the Big Five Inventory (BFI) to evaluate personality traits, and the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) to measure quality of life (QOL). Stepwise multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the association between various factors, and depression and anxiety. RESULTS: The prevalence of depression was 20% (n = 60) while anxiety was 9% (n = 27). Co-morbid depression (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 9.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.63-37.14, p = 0.001) and neuroticism (adjusted OR = 11.66, 95% CI = 2.69-50.47, p = 0.001) increased the odds of developing anxiety, while conscientiousness (adjusted OR = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.23-0.80, p = 0.004) and greater psychological-related QOL (adjusted OR = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.29-0.75, p = 0.002) were protective. Co-morbid anxiety (adjusted OR = 19.83, 95% CI = 5.63-69.92, p < 0.001) increased the odds of depression, while older age (adjusted OR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.93-0.98, p = 0.002), social relationship-related QOL (adjusted OR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.71-.0.99, p = 0.047), and physical health-related QOL (adjusted OR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.58-0.83, p < 0.001) were protective. CONCLUSIONS: The study findings signify the need to screen for co-morbid depression and anxiety, as well as personality traits and QOL, and to include psychosocial interventions when planning a multidisciplinary approach to managing diabetes.
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Woon et al. (2020) conducted a cross-sectional in Diabetes mellitus (n=300). Co-morbid anxiety vs. No co-morbid anxiety was evaluated on Depression (OR 19.83, 95% CI 5.63-69.92, p=<0.001). Co-morbid anxiety significantly increased the odds of depression by nearly 20-fold (OR 19.83) among Malaysian patients with diabetes.
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