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This study focused on the manifestations of grandparental agency in transmitting a heritage language to their grandchildren while facing a predominantly Putonghua language environment. A collective case study approach was adopted to understand the grandparents’ attitudes, perceived challenges, and strategies upon heritage language transmission in a populated Miao village in Southwest China. Findings showed that the grandparents’ upheld both tuning and accommodating, and community linkage for cultural ties attitudes. In terms of their agentive efforts within everyday life, these grandparents adopted a cocktail of strategies, such as: (a) Playing a serious language agency role; (b) Creating flexible Miao language environment; (c) Capitalizing on natural environment and culture; (d) Lowering demands and expectations. The transmission of heritage languages in the Miao districts were discussed in relation to the contributions of grandparents as possessors of heritage language and active participants of heritage language transmission.
Vong et al. (Mon,) studied this question.