Key result
Health shocks significantly decreased smoking (OR 0.59, p<0.05) and drinking (OR 0.62, p<0.01), and increased the utilization of auxiliary inspection in physical examinations.
Why the study?
Middle- and older-aged populations in China considerably lack preventive behaviors despite rising chronic disease burdens, and the effect of health shocks on motivating behavior changes is unknown.
Do health shocks (new chronic disease diagnoses) motivate positive changes in preventive behaviors in middle- and older-aged adults?
Cohort (n=13,705)
Yes
Do health shocks (new chronic disease diagnoses) motivate positive changes in preventive behaviors in middle- and older-aged adults?
Odds Ratio: 0.59
p-value: p=<0.05
Health shocks, such as new diagnoses of chronic diseases, create a 'teachable moment' that significantly reduces smoking and drinking and increases preventive care utilization.
Health shocks may prompt behavior change in older adults; leaves open whether interventions can leverage these moments.
Background China is facing the challenge of rising prevalence and ballooning burden of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs); however, the Chinese middle- and older-aged population considerably lack preventive behaviors. Health shocks (HS), widely defined as sudden health deterioration brought on by diseases or accidents, bring a “teachable moment” to motivate changes in preventive behaviors. Objective This study aims to examine the effect of HS on changes in preventive behaviors, including personal health practices and preventive care utilization. Methods HS was defined as any five chronic disease diagnoses (cancer, heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and hypertension). The impacts of HS on smoking, drinking, and exercise, physical examination were estimated. The panel data of 13,705 respondents were obtained from the latest two waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) in 2015 and 2018. A multilevel propensity score match difference-in-difference (multilevel PSM-DID) model was constructed. Results HS significantly decreased smoking (OR = 0.59, p < 0.05) and drinking (OR = 0.62, p < 0.01) and increased the utilization of auxiliary inspection in physical examination (OR = 1.19, p < 0.1). Major HS had significantly considerable and specific effects on reducing smoking and drinking (OR = 0.37 and 0.56, p < 0.01), while minor HS had relatively small effects on reducing smoking (OR = 0.74, p < 0.05) and drinking (OR = 0.69, p < 0.01), but extensive effects on initiating exercise (OR = 1.32, p < 0.05), physical examination (OR = 1.18, p < 0.1), and auxiliary inspection (OR = 1.30, p < 0.05). Conclusion After HS, there is a teachable moment to promote positive changes in preventive behaviors. Guided by the 5A's brief intervention model (Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, Arrange), tailored interventions should be targeted at these populations to reduce the risk of the progression and complications of existing diseases, prevent the related comorbidity, and prolong the expected life-span.
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Zhang et al. (2022) conducted a cohort in Health shocks (n=13,705). Health shocks vs. No health shocks was evaluated on Smoking (OR 0.59, p=<0.05). Health shocks significantly decreased smoking (OR 0.59, p<0.05) and drinking (OR 0.62, p<0.01), and increased the utilization of auxiliary inspection in physical examinations.
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