Identification of time‑series differentially expressed genes and pathways associated with heart failure post‑myocardial infarction using integrated bioinformatics analysis

Figures

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  Figure 1.. Heat map of the DEGs identified in HF and non-HF patients at different time points. DEGs identified (A) on admission, (B) on discharge, (C) at 1 month post-AMI and (D) at 6 months post-AMI. Green represents lower expression, and red represents higher expression. A set of 4 genes was identified at each time point. Each gene is presented by a different color: i) FADS2 (pink); ii) LRRN3 (blue); iii) GPR15 (green); and iv) AK5 (purple). DEGs, differentially expressed genes; HF, heart failure; AMI, acute myocardial infarction; FADS2, fatty acid desaturase 2; LRRN3, leucine-rich repeat neuronal protein 3; GPR15, G-protein coupled receptor 15; AK5, adenylate kinase 5.

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  Figure 2.. Identification of DEGs in HF following AMI. (A) Venn diagram of the DEGs. Different colours represent different time points: i) Blue, admission; ii) yellow, discharge; iii) green, 1 month post-AMI; and iv) pink, 6 months post-AMI. (B) The changes in expression levels of the genes FADS2, LRRN3, GPR15 and AK5 in HF and non-HF patients at the different time points. *P<0.05 vs. HF group. DEGs, differentially expressed genes; HF, heart failure; AMI, acute myocardial infarction; FADS2, fatty acid desaturase 2; LRRN3, leucine-rich repeat neuronal protein 3; GPR15, G-protein coupled receptor 15; AK5, adenylate kinase 5.

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  Figure 3.. Significant GO biological process terms enriched at different time points. Differentially expressed genes identified (A) on admission, (B) on discharge, (C) at 1 month post-AMI and (D) at 6 months post-AMI. AMI, acute myocardial infarction; GO, Gene Ontology.

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  Figure 4.. Significant KEGG pathways enriched by time-series differential expressed genes at different time points. KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes.

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  Figure 5.. (A) Protein-protein interaction network and (B) module network analysis of DEGs at different time points. Red nodes represent upregulated DEGs and blue nodes represent downregulated DEGs. DEGs, differentially expressed genes.