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The safety and reliability of battery storage systems are critical to the mass roll-out of electrified transportation and new energy generation. To achieve safe management and optimal control of batteries, the state of charge (SOC) is one of the important parameters. The machine-learning based SOC estimation methods of lithium-ion batteries have attracted substantial interests in recent years. However, a common problem with these models is that their estimation performances are not always stable, which makes them difficult to use in practical applications. To address this problem, an optimized radial basis function neural network (RBF-NN) that combines the concepts of Golden Section Method (GSM) and Sparrow Search Algorithm (SSA) is proposed in this paper. Specifically, GSM is used to determine the optimum number of neurons in hidden layer of the RBF-NN model, and its parameters such as radial base center, connection weights and so on are optimized by SSA, which greatly improve the performance of RBF-NN in SOC estimation. In the experiments, data collected from different working conditions are used to demonstrate the accuracy and generalization ability of the proposed model, and the results of the experiment indicate that the maximum error of the proposed model is less than 2%.
Fu et al. (Fri,) studied this question.