Key result
Empagliflozin reduces CV death or HF hospitalization across all baseline hs-cTnT levels.
Why the study?
Circulating troponin is an important measure of risk in heart failure, but it had not been used to determine whether disease severity influences responses to drug treatments in randomized controlled trials.
Does empagliflozin reduce the combined risk of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure in patients with HFrEF across different baseline levels of hs-cTnT?
RCT (n=3,636)
randomly assigned
Does empagliflozin reduce the combined risk of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure in patients with HFrEF across different baseline levels of hs-cTnT?
Elevations in hs-cTnT reflect clinical severity and prognosis in HFrEF, but empagliflozin exerts favorable cardiovascular and renal effects regardless of baseline hs-cTnT concentrations.
Troponin stratifies risk in HFrEF but does not modify empagliflozin benefit; leaves open its role in guiding therapy.
AIMS: Circulating troponin is an important measure of risk in patients with heart failure, but it has not been used to determine if disease severity influences the responses to drug treatments in randomized controlled trials. METHODS AND RESULTS: In the EMPEROR-Reduced trial, patients with class II-IV heart failure and a reduced ejection fraction were randomly assigned to placebo or empagliflozin 10 mg daily and followed for the occurrence of serious heart failure and renal events. High-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) was measured in 3636 patients (>97%) at baseline, and patients were divided into four groups based on the degree of troponin elevation. With increasing concentrations of hs-cTnT, patients were progressively more likely to have diabetes and atrial fibrillation, to have New York Heart Association class III-IV symptoms and been hospitalized for heart failure within the prior year, and to have elevated levels of natriuretic peptides and worse renal function (P-trend < 0.0001 for all comparisons), but importantly, the troponin groups did not differ with respect to ejection fraction. A linear relationship was observed between the logarithm of hs-cTnT and the combined risk of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure (P = 0.0015). When treated with placebo, patients with the highest levels of hs-cTnT had risks of cardiovascular death and hospitalization for heart failure that were 3-5 fold greater than those with values in the normal range. Patients with higher levels of hs-cTnT were also more likely to experience worsening of renal function and serious adverse renal events and showed the least improvement in health status (as measured by the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire). When compared with placebo, empagliflozin reduced the combined risk of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure, regardless of the baseline level of hs-cTnT, whether the effects of treatment were analysed as hazard ratios or absolute risk reductions. CONCLUSIONS: Elevations in hs-cTnT reflect the clinical severity, stability and prognosis of patients with heart failure and a reduced ejection fraction, with biomarkers, comorbidities, clinical course and risks that are proportional to the magnitude of hs-cTnT elevation. Empagliflozin exerted favourable effects on heart failure and renal outcomes, regardless of the baseline concentration of hs-cTnT.
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Packer et al. (2021) conducted an RCT in heart failure and a reduced ejection fraction (n=3,636). Empagliflozin vs. placebo was evaluated on combined risk of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure. Empagliflozin reduced the combined risk of cardiovascular death or heart failure hospitalization regardless of baseline hs-cTnT, which linearly predicted this risk (P=0.0015).
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