Gene expression in visceral adipocytes in metabolically healthy and unhealthy obesity: A cross-sectional analysis of associations with cardiometabolic components

Figures

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  Figure 1.. Adipocyte´s characteristics. The figure shows morphometric features of cultured primary adipocytes used for gene expression assay, either stained with Oil Red (1A) or under scanning electron microscopy (1B). Distribution of adipocyte size was compared between MUO and MHO phenotypes (1C and 1D, respectively) and quantification is shown (1E). Abbreviatures: MUO, adults living with Metabolically Unhealthy Obesity; MHO, adults living with Metabolically Healthy Obesity.

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  Figure 2.. Adipocyte’s gene expression. Left. Transcription rate of genes in human primary culture of adipocytes. Right. Gene expression pattern according to metabolic phenotype (1MHO, 2MUO). Abbreviations: MUO, adults living with Metabolically Unhealthy Obesity; MHO, adults living with Metabolically Healthy Obesity.

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  Figure 3.. Clusters of gene expression in human primary adipocytes. A. Overexpressed and B. Underexpressed genes in human primary culture of adipocytes, distributed as expression clusters. Axes t1 and t2 represent latent variable scores derived from PLS analysis and are dimensionless. Multivariate modeling was performed using Partial Least Squares Regression (PLS-R) to identify latent components that maximize the covariance between predictor variables (metabolic components) and gene expression profiles. Statistical significance was considered if p <0.05.

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  Figure 4.. Clusters of gene expression in human primary adipocytes and metabolic components. A. Overexpressed and (b). Underexpressed genes in human primary culture of adipocytes, distributed as expression clusters linked to each metabolic component. Axes t1 and t2 represent latent variable scores derived from PLS analysis and are dimensionless. Multivariate modeling was performed using Partial Least Squares Regression (PLS-R) to identify latent components that maximize the covariance between predictor variables (metabolic components) and gene expression profiles. Statistical significance was considered if p <0.05. (a). hyperglycemia; (b). systolic and diastolic hypertension; (c). lower HDLc or higher LDLc; (d). waist circumference; (e). triglycerides. BMI remained constant along all metabolic components. Abbreviatures: HDLc, High Density Lipoprotein cholesterol; LDLc, Low Density Lipoprotein cholesterol.