A Method for Accounting for the Characteristics of a Modular Alert and People Evacuation Management System Based on the Internet of Things Technology in Calculation of Fire Risk

The article considers the problem of a normatively compatible accounting of the operational and algorithmic characteristics of a modular warning and evacuation management system based on Internet of Things (IoT) technology when calculating individual fire risk according to the methodology established by order of EMERCOM of Russia dated November 14 2022 № 1140 «On Approval of the Methodology for Determining Calculated Fire Risk values in Buildings, Structures and Firefighters compartments of various functional fire hazard classes». In the fire risk calculations, the values are set as constant values, whereas in real operation they change over time and depend on the condition of the equipment, network infrastructure and the behavior of the contingent. The main points of integration of the characteristics of the IoT system into the calculation are highlighted: the parameters of the evacuation start time (including the delay in notification and pre-evacuation actions), the probability of successful evacuation, and the probabilistic characteristics of the alert system performance. The coefficient of confirmed functional reliability of the SSE is introduced, which is formed according to the logs and the results of routine tests.; The structure of notification delays is being clarified, taking into account step-by-step and addressable notification; rules for the presentation of adaptive routing and human flow management, including cases of blocking paths by fire hazards, are being set. Additionally, the coefficient of adaptivity of the IoT system (0...1) and the time risk profile are proposed, which make it possible to link the calculation of the IoT with the dynamics of the situation and operating modes without changing the basic structure of the methodology. It is shown that the transition to probabilistic and statistical accounting of delays, reliability, and failure conditions increases the reproducibility of the fire risks assessment and the reasonableness of the choice of additional fire prevention measures.