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Exploratory analysis reveals complex associations between alcohol and inflammation biomarkers, suggesting careful interpretation.
We clarify that our findings are exploratory and not indicative of consistent or causal alcohol–inflammation relationships. Associations were biomarker- and model-specific, with CRP showing the most consistent effects. Model adjustments for body fat strengthen inferences, but dietary measurement limitations remain. Overall, study findings highlight complexity and warrant cautious interpretation.
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Courtney et al. (2026) studied this question.
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