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Abstract. In recent years, a number of collaborative planning programmes have been introduced in American cities, providing an opportunity for traditionally marginalised citizens to participate formally in inner-city revitalisation tasks. However, this process of citizen participation is quite complex. This paper explores the complexities of citizen participation through the case of Milwaukee's Neighborhood Strategic Planning process. It contends that the NSP process has been shaped by neo-liberalism and contains a number of barriers to participation. It has also implemented a more technocratic approach in participatory planning. However, skilled navigation of it has given citizens opportunities to change their urban space.
Rina Ghose (Fri,) studied this question.