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Efficient electric vehicle (EV) scheduling is a multi-objective optimization problem with conflicting customer and system operator interests, especially during vehicle-to-grid implementations. Economic charging while minimizing battery degradation and maintaining system load profiles couple the interests of these two entities. This paper focuses on identifying the relationships between these objectives and proposes to use an augmented epsilon-constrain (AUGMECON) based technique to implement two-way and three-way multi-objective optimizations. The importance of using these objectives in peak-shaving and valley-filling for an aggregated (residential) EV fleet is discussed. The proposed solution provides a look-ahead strategy into effective EV scheduling by co-optimizing multiple objectives. To provide operational guidance to utilities and customers, an optimal solution may be selected from those represented by the Pareto fronts.
Maigha et al. (Mon,) studied this question.