Students’ perceptions of an electronic one-minute paper in a radiography training programme: An exploratory cross-sectional questionnaire study

INTRODUCTION: Formative assessment can support health professions education; however, reports on electronic 1-min papers as classroom feedback and engagement tools in radiography programmes remain limited. This study explored radiography students' perceptions of an electronic 1-min paper, focusing on in-class reflection, ease of asking questions, and instructor feedback. METHODS: An electronic 1-min paper was used in a radiotherapy course across 45 class sessions in the 2024 academic year for third-year students enrolled in a 4-year radiography programme. Each 90-min class comprised a 60-min lecture, 10-min completion of the paper, and 20-min instructor feedback. After the course, a de-identified online questionnaire was administered. Eleven 5-point Likert-scale items were analysed using descriptive statistics and Spearman's rank correlations. Free-text responses were analysed using inductive qualitative content analysis. RESULTS: = 0.815; P < 0.001). Free-text responses indicated reflection and improved understanding, anonymous sharing of questions, active listening and concentration, and suggestions for improvement. CONCLUSION: The electronic 1-min paper was widely accepted and perceived to support in-class reflection, question expression, and immediate feedback. However, students' perceptions of its influence on out-of-class review motivation were limited. The findings indicate perceived value and engagement rather than demonstrated educational effectiveness. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Electronic 1-min papers may help instructors identify students' questions and respond during class, providing a practical approach to in-class feedback.