Collinear spin density wave state in distorted square-lattice GdNiSn 4

We characterize the magnetic ground state of the newly synthesized lanthanide intermetallic GdNiSn₄ via resonant elastic x-ray scattering measurements. This compound forms distorted square nets of Gd that initially order magnetically below 23 K, followed by a lower-temperature transition at 16 K. Our scattering data identify the ground state order as a single-q incommensurate, collinear order that slides towards a commensurate wave vector above the 16 K transition. Magnetic symmetry analysis combined with azimuthal dependence resolves the ground state magnetic structure as a moment-modulated spin density wave state with Gd moments oriented parallel to the in-plane a-axis. We discuss connections between the observed magnetic order and electronic properties in this square-net compound.