Semantan Bamboo Cellulose Nanofibrils ( Gigantochloa scortechinii ) Using Wet Disk Mill Treatment (WDM): Effect of Cycles on Their Yield, Physic-Chemical, Morphological and Thermal Behavior

Cellulose nanofibril (CNF) was extracted from bamboo cellulose fibers (BCF) using a wet disk mill (WDM) treatment. This study focuses on understanding the impact on the physicochemical properties, yield across multiple milling cycles, morphology, and thermal behavior of the resulting bamboo cellulose nanofibrils (BCNF). Morphological analysis using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed a reduction in fiber diameter, with increased milling cycles resulting in more uniform and finer nanofibers ranging from 5 to 15 nm. Remarkably, the yield of nanofibers was between 97.6% and 98.8%. The crystallinity index was found to be between 75% and 77%. Thermal analysis through thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) demonstrated that the thermal stability of NFC decreased with additional milling cycles. The wet disk milling process effectively produced bamboo cellulose nanofibrils from Semantan bamboo, with the number of cycles playing a crucial role in determining the yield and properties of BCNF. These findings suggest that careful control of milling parameters can tailor NFC properties for specific industrial applications, such as in nanocomposites and biodegradable materials.