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This research investigates how reducing implicit childcare subsidies affects fertility rates.

The Fertility Effects of Reducing Implicit Childcare Subsidies: The Case of School Schedules

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Randomized trial reveals reduced fertility rates in women after changes in school schedules, indicating economic implications.

This research investigates how reducing implicit childcare subsidies affects fertility rates.
Analyzed provincial-level data from 1981 to 2016 in Spain.
Applied a synthetic difference-in-differences identification strategy to measure effects.
Focused on the impact of shortening the elementary school day from full-day to morning-only sessions.
Total fertility rate decreased by 0.12 children per woman.
Maternal age at first birth increased by approximately 4 months.
The delay in childbirth was more pronounced in provinces with weaker female labor market integration.

Álvaro Muñiz (2026) studied this question.

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