Imaging Spatially Varying Dielectric Samples Using Tightly Coupled Dipole Array Based Near-Field Sensing

This paper presents a microwave sensing platform based on a 32-element dipole array designed for near-field dielectric contrast mapping. The sensor utilizes an 8×8 tightly coupled dipole array (TCDA) topology, where pairs of dipoles form unit cells that exploit electromagnetic coupling variations. A 32-way equal power divider network ensures uniform excitation across the aperture. Operating at 830 MHz, the dipole array exhibits high absorption (>90%), which enhances near-field intensity and sensitivity to surface perturbations. Experimental validation with dielectric samples, saline liquids of varying concentrations (ϵr≈ 70–78), and biological tissues demonstrates the array’s capability to map spatial variations in electromagnetic properties through rectified DC voltage shifts. When compared to a state-of-the-art multi-port Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) configurations, the proposed architecture offers a robust, low-complexity, proof-of-concept alternative by eliminating complex RF routing networks and multi-port switches.