A Study of Designing an Eye Tracking–Based Educational Feedback Model(EFM) for Flight Training

Flight training requires student pilots to develop not only aircraft control skills but also situational awareness and decision-making abilities. However, conventional flight training has largely depended on instructors’ subjective observations, limiting systematic interpretation of student pilots’ visual attention characteristics. To address this limitation, this study proposes an Eye-Tracking-based Educational Feedback Model(EFM) for flight training environments. The proposed EFM integrates Eye-Tracking data analysis with instructor debriefing and recurrent training processes. The framework consists of data collection, preprocessing, analysis, and feedback stages, and incorporates AOI-based attention analysis and transition pattern analysis to interpret student pilots’ visual exploration characteristics. In addition, visualization-based feedback structures are included to support educational feedback. The proposed framework presents the applicability of Eye-Tracking-based feedback in flight training and provides a conceptual foundation for future data-informed flight training feedback research.