The Effect of First Officer’s Assertive Advice on the Safety Behavior of the Captain

Although advancements in science and technology have improved aircraft automation and reliability, human factors, which remain a primary cause of aviation accidents, continue to persist. Crew resource management (CRM) was introduced and has evolved to address such human factor issues; however, as recent human factor-related incidents require more effective responses from new perspectives, this study was initiated to explore alternative approaches. Most airlines have emphasized first officers’ Assertive Advice as an effective strategy for mitigating human factors. Nevertheless, the extent to which captains actually accept such advice, as well as how the degree and attitude of acceptance influence captains’ safety behavior, has not been sufficiently examined. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the effects of first officers’ advice and captains’ acceptance attitudes on captains’ safety behavior, and to propose practical measures for directly improving human factors in aviation operations.