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The lattice-Boltzmann method has been refined to take account of near-contact interactions between spherical particles. First, we describe a comprehensive solution to the technical problems that arise when two discretized surfaces come into contact. Second, we describe how to incorporate lubrication forces and torques into lattice-Boltzmann simulations, and test our method by calculating the forces and torques between a spherical particle and a plane wall. Third, we describe an efficient update of the particle velocities, taking into account the possibility that some of the differential equations are stiff.
Nguyen et al. (Wed,) studied this question.
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