The re-emergence of Mpox: A global public health threat amplified by mass gatherings

The re-emergence of (Mpox) Monkeypox virus, a zoonotic viral disease, has raised global public health concerns, particularly in the context of mass gatherings. Historically endemic to Central and West Africa, recent outbreaks demonstrate its potential for global transmission. Mass gatherings, characterized by high-density interactions, present unique risks for disease amplification. This paper analyzes the epidemiology of Mpox, its transmission dynamics, and the role of mass gatherings in exacerbating outbreaks. We propose a comprehensive framework integrating pre-event preparedness, on-site monitoring, and post-event follow-up to mitigate Mpox's impact. Using case studies from Africa and beyond, we highlight the challenges of managing Mpox in resource-constrained settings and emphasize the need for global collaboration. Our findings provide actionable recommendations for public health stakeholders, aiming to enhance preparedness and resilience against Mpox and other infectious diseases at mass gatherings.