Numerical Simulation Study on the Mechanism of Formation of Apical Aneurysm in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy With Midventricular Obstruction

FIGURE 1. 3D Geometries for the construction of three idealized models. (A) Model 1: healthy model of left ventricle; (B) Model 2: subaortic obstruction of left ventricle in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; (C) Model 3 (MVO model): midventricular obstruction of left ventricle in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

FIGURE 2. The contour plot of the slice, on which the hypertrophy was most severe, shows the endocardium and epicardium of left ventricle for the constructions for Model 2 and 3.

FIGURE 3. Band plots of wall stress distribution on the left ventricle for Models 1–3. The stress on healthy model (Model 1) was significantly less than other two HCM models. The stress on midventricular obstruction model (Model 3) was significantly higher than that in subaortic obstruction model (Model 2).

FIGURE 4. Band plots of wall stress on the apex and regions around apex of left ventricle for three models. The stress on both of the apex and region around apex in midventricular obstruction (MVO) model (Model 3) were significantly higher than that in Models 1 and 2. (A) Cutting position. (B) Band plots of wall stress on the cutting position of Model 1. (C) Band plots of wall stress on the cutting position of Model 2. (D) Band plots of wall stress on the cutting position of Model 3.