Perceptions and experiences of "Zero-time exercise" among community-dwelling older adults in Nanchang, China: A qualitative study

Background In the context of population aging, community-dwelling older adults commonly experience insufficient physical activity and difficulty maintaining regular exercise. Zero-time exercise (ZTEx) is lifestyle-based and fragmented, making it easier to integrate into daily life. However, qualitative evidence regarding older adults’ lived experiences and perceptions of ZTEx remains limited. Objective To explore the perceptions and daily practice patterns of "Zero-Time Exercise" among community-dwelling older adults, aiming to inform targeted health promotion strategies. Methods A qualitative descriptive study was conducted from April to June 2025. Using purposive sampling, 20 older adults were recruited from three communities in Nanchang, China. Data were collected via non-participant observation and semi-structured interviews, then analyzed using Colaizzi’s seven-step method. Results Among the 20 elderly participants, 10 were women (50%) and 10 were men (50%), with a mean age of 66.1±3.4 years. Four core themes and twelve sub-themes emerged: adoption motives, exercise patterns, health perceptions, and sustainability challenges. Participants viewed "Zero-Time Exercise" as an accessible, lifestyle-integrated strategy that helps maintain daily functioning, enhances self-efficacy, and supports subjective health management. However, sustained practice was hindered by misconceptions regarding exercise intensity and safety, physical limitations, and a lack of professional guidance. Conclusion "Zero-Time Exercise" demonstrates high acceptability and implementation potential among community-dwelling older adults. To ensure long-term adherence, future interventions should prioritize the development of professional guidance systems and community support contexts.