Exosome-Loaded Zinc Sulfide Nanoparticles Therapy for Psoriasis: Immune Regulation and Skin Repair by Targeting IL-23/IL-17A–NF-κB Pathway

, EXO-ZnS NPs significantly attenuated psoriatic symptoms, and Severity Index scores, reduced inflammatory mediators (IL-23, IL-17a, TNF-α, MCP-1, NLRP3), mitigated oxidative stress, downregulated proliferative markers (Ki-67, MMP-9), and inhibited VEGF-mediated angiogenesis. collectively restored epidermal structure and improved skin architecture. EXO-ZnS NPs synergistically combine the regenerative and immunomodulatory effects of exosomes with the intrinsic anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of ZnS NPs, offering a novel promising, dual-action therapeutic platform for effective and sustained psoriasis management.