Regulation of Cardiac-Specific Proteins Expression by Moderate-Intensity Aerobic Exercise Training in Mice With Myocardial Infarction Induced Heart Failure Using MS-Based Proteomics

Figure 1. The sensitivity and reliability of the LC-MS results. (A) The peak intensity distribution of all samples. (B) The correlation of all samples using the peak intensity data. (C) Heatmap of differential expressed proteins within the four experimental groups and hierarchical clustering analysis. (D) O2PLS-DA of the four experimental groups by the identified protein data. LC-MS, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry; HF+S, sedentary groups of heart failure mice; HF+E, exercise groups of heart failure mice; N+S, sedentary groups of non-heart failure mice; N+E, exercise groups of non-heart failure mice.

Figure 2. Differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and the gene ontology (GO) analysis. (A) Volcano plots presented the DEPs between the sedentary group and the exercise group in HF mice, in which the x axis presented the fold change and the y-axis presented the p-value after adjustment. The dotted lines show selection threshold (adj. P < 0.05; fold change >2 or <0.5). (B) GO analysis: (1) Top 10 of enriched biological processes of DEPs; (2) Top 10 of enriched cellular components of DEPs; (3) Top 10 of enriched molecular function of DEPs.

Figure 3. The peak area of verified proteins involved in energy metabolism in the sedentary group and the exercise group of HF mice. ODPA, pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit alpha; ODPB, pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit beta; PDK2, pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring)] kinase isozyme 2; PDK4, pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring)] kinase isozyme 4; PARP3, poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 3; IDE, insulin-degrading enzyme.