Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants in older and frail patients with atrial fibrillation

Figure 1. Age-specific counts and rates of prevalent cases (A), incident cases (B), and deaths (C) of atrial fibrillation by sex, 2017. Error bars and shading represent 95% uncertainty intervals. Source: Dai et al.1 (with permission).

Figure 2. Influence of age on outcomes (warfarin group only) from the ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 trial. Multivariable model included all baseline characteristics with univariate P < 0.05 (body mass index, sex, creatinine, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, diabetes, smoking, prior stroke or transient ischaemic attack, heart failure, type of atrial fibrillation, race, region, increased risk of falling, risk of neuropsychiatric disease, coronary artery disease, history of hepatic disease, history of non-intracranial haemorrhage, alcohol intake, and medication predisposing to bleeding). CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio. Source: Kato et al.4 (with permission).

Figure 3. Forest plot of a trial-level meta-analysis of NOACs vs. warfarin in patients age ≥75 years from the RE-LY, ROCKET-AF, ARISTOTLE, and ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 trials. Panel A shows results for stroke or systemic embolic events and panel B for major bleeding. Source: Caldeira et al.14,15 (with permission).

Figure 4. Patient-level meta-analysis of standard-dose NOAC regimens vs. warfarin from the RE-LY, ROCKET-AF, ARISTOTLE, and ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 trials across the age range 50–100 years for the outcomes of stroke or systemic embolism (A), major bleeding (B), and death (C). Data exclude results with dabigatran 110 mg and edoxaban 30/15 mg. Source: Carnicelli et al.16 (with permission).