Making adaptive management for biodiversity work the example of Weyerhaeuser in coastal British Columbia

In 1998, MacMillan Bloedel (now Weyerhaeuser) committed to a system of Stewardship Zones and to replacing clearcutting with variable retention over its 1.1 million ha coastal tenure. The decision began a grand experiment in forest planning and practice, which the company committed to monitor and refine through an adaptive management program. The program was most challenging to design and implement for biodiversity. Key elements of the program were: creating a criterion and associated indicators, developing a list of focused questions, and developing a cost-effective design for monitoring and learning. The final step in any adaptive management program is linking the monitoring back to specific management actions. We provide examples of successful linkages back for each of the three major indicators of biodiversity: ecosystem representation, habitat structure, and organisms. We discuss major difficulties that arise when developing management responses to the complex issue of sustaining biological diversity and note four major challenges to the design and implementation of any adaptive management program.