Genetic Evidence for Differential Coupling of Syk Family Kinases to the T-Cell Receptor: Reconstitution Studies in a ZAP-70-Deficient Jurkat T-Cell Line

T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) engagement activates multiple protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs), including the Src family member, Lck, and the Syk-related PTK, ZAP-70. Studies in ZAP-70-deficient humans have demonstrated that ZAP-70 plays crucial roles in T-cell activation and development. However, progress toward a detailed understanding of the regulation and function of ZAP-70 during TCR signaling has been hampered by the lack of a suitable T-cell model for biochemical and genetic analyses. In this report, we describe the isolation and phenotypic characterization of a Syk- and ZAP-70-negative somatic mutant derived from the Jurkat T-cell line. The P116 cell line displays severe defects in TCR-induced signaling functions, including protein tyrosine phosphorylation, intracellular Ca2+ mobilization, and interleukin-2 promoter-driven transcription. These signaling defects were fully reversed by reintroduction of catalytically active versions of either Syk or ZAP-70 into the P116 cells. However, in contrast to ZAP-70 expression, Syk expression triggered a significant degree of cellular activation in the absence of TCR ligation. Transfection experiments with ZAP-70-Syk chimeric proteins indicated that both the amino-terminal regulatory regions and the carboxy-terminal catalytic domains of Syk and ZAP-70 contribute to the distinctive functional properties of these PTKs. These studies underscore the crucial role of ZAP-70 in TCR signaling and offer a powerful genetic model for further analyses of ZAP-70 regulation and function in T cells.