A Multicenter Retrospective Chart Review Study of Treatment and Disease Patterns and Clinical Outcomes of Patients with Chronic-Phase Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in Third-Line Treatment or with T315I Mutation

This retrospective chart review study investigated the clinical burden of adult patients with chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CP-CML) treated at three centers in France (2006–2021) who failed on two or more tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs; third-line [3L]+ cohort) or harbored the BCR::ABL1 T315I mutation (T315I cohort). In the 3L+ cohort (N = 157; median age at diagnosis, 56 years), TKIs received in 3L (median duration: 17 months) were dasatinib (32%), nilotinib (19%), imatinib (18%), ponatinib (17%), and bosutinib (14%). Of the 145 patients with documented responses in 3L, 42% experienced major molecular response (MMR) at 12 months. Median event-free survival [95% confidence interval] was 53.6 [44.0, 67.5] months, and median progression-free survival and overall survival (OS) were not reached. Achieving MMR in 3L was associated with a decreased mortality risk. In the T315I cohort (N = 17; 52 years), 41% of patients received five or more lines of therapy. Following identification of the T315I mutation, ponatinib was the most common TKI used (59%); the median [interquartile range] OS was 5 [3–10] years. The most common adverse events were infections (3L+ cohort) and thrombocytopenia (T315I cohort) (both 18%). Well-tolerated therapies that achieve durable responses are needed in 3L or earlier to improve CP-CML prognosis.