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August 2, 2019PeerJOpen Access

Acute combined physical and cognitive exercise was superior to single exercise for task-efficient cerebral oxygenation and improved oxygen utilization during cortical activation in older individuals.

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Why the study?

The study was conducted to investigate the effects of different types of acute exercise on cognitive function and cerebral oxygenation.

Does acute combined physical and cognitive exercise improve cognitive function and cerebral oxygenation in healthy older adults?

Population

20 healthy older adults

Comparison

Sedentary reading control vs cognitive exercise vs physical exercise vs cognitive + physical exercise

Design

Within-subject study

Follow-up

Immediately after the experimental condition

Key result

Acute combined physical and cognitive exercise was superior to single exercise for task-efficient cerebral oxygenation and improved oxygen utilization during cortical activation in older individuals.

Authors

ZJZhiguang JiTFTian FengLMLingnan Mei

Discussion

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Overview

Hypothesis-generating for combined exercise in older adults; leaves open whether it warrants clinical adoption pending randomized confirmation.

Key Points

  • This study investigates how different types of acute exercise impact cognitive function and cerebral oxygenation in older adults.
  • Within-subject design with 20 healthy older adults
  • Four activity conditions: sedentary control, cognitive exercise, physical exercise, and combined cognitive + physical exercise
  • Measurements included the Stroop task and fNIRS for assessing oxygenation changes.
  • Acute combined exercise improved performance on executive tasks more than single forms of exercise (p<0.05).
  • fNIRS showed that combined exercise led to better cerebral oxygenation during executive tasks than single exercise.
  • Post-exercise performance enhancement in inhibition control tasks was greater after combined exercise compared to individual exercises.

Structured PICO

Does acute combined physical and cognitive exercise improve cognitive function and cerebral oxygenation in healthy older adults?

P
Population
20 healthy older adults who completed four conditions of activity (sedentary reading, cognitive exercise, physical exercise, and combined exercise) on four separate days.
I
Intervention
Acute combined physical and cognitive exercise (CE + PE) consisting of 15 min of aerobic exercise, verbal fluency task (VFT), and dual task
C
Comparator
Sedentary reading control (RC), cognitive exercise (CE), and physical exercise (PE)
O
Outcome
Cognitive function (Stroop task performance) and cerebral oxygenation (measured by fNIRS) immediately after the experimental conditionsurrogate

Acute combined physical and cognitive exercise improves inhibition control and cerebral oxygen utilization more effectively than single exercise modalities in older adults.

Cite This Study

Ji et al. (2019) studied Healthy older adults (n=20). Acute combined physical and cognitive exercise vs. Sedentary reading control, single cognitive exercise, and single physical exercise was evaluated on Cognitive function (Stroop task performance) and cerebral oxygenation (fNIRS). Acute combined physical and cognitive exercise was superior to single exercise for task-efficient cerebral oxygenation and improved oxygen utilization during cortical activation in older individuals.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a63ea422cb75007f4927a89https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7418
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Also Consider

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  1. 1Stress and gender effects on prefrontal cortex oxygenation levels assessed during single and dual‐task walking conditions2016 · 70 citations
  2. 2Hemispheric asymmetry reduction in older adults: The HAROLD model.2002 · 2,072 citations
  3. 3fNIRS Study of Walking and Walking While Talking in Young and Old Individuals2011 · 458 citations
  4. 4Definition dependent properties of the cortical silent period in upper-extremity muscles, a methodological study2014 · 376 citations