Admission Hyponatraemia as Heart Failure Events Predictor in Patients with Acute Heart Failure

AIMS: Heart failure remained consistent as one of the biggest cardiovascular problems in Indonesia. Hyponatraemia is a common electrolyte disorder among patients presented with heart failure; however, the prognostic value for worsening heart failure has not been well defined. METHODS AND RESULTS: We studied 134 patients admitted with acute heart failure and investigated the relationship between admission serum sodium and the composite clinical outcomes of all-cause mortality and hospitalization ambispectively with a follow-up duration of 6 months. We also try to look for low sodium-level impacts in several conditions. Among 134 patients, 84 patients presented with low sodium during admission, defined as a serum sodium level of <135 mEq/L, and it was associated with higher composite clinical outcome risk [odds ratio (OR), 5.9; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.8-12.0; P < 0.001]. Moreover, hyponatraemia impacts on composite endpoints were driven by both parameters; it was independently associated with mortality (OR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.4-6.8; P = 0.003) and rehospitalization (OR, 5.3; 95% CI, 2.4-11.7; P < 0.001). This result remained consistent in most subgroups. CONCLUSIONS: On-admission hyponatraemia is a predictor for 6 month mortality and rehospitalization. Further work is needed to determine if correction of hyponatraemia translates into clinical benefit.