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HIV infection in brain revolves around productive viral replication in cells of mononuclear phagocyte lineage, including brain macrophages, microglia, and multinucleated giant cells 1-4. Together, they are the investigators for cellular and viral neurotoxic activities 5-10. Several published reports show that viral and/or cellular products produced from HIV-1-infected macrophages injure neurons and induce glial proliferation during advancing central nervous system (CNS) infection 11-18. These findings are supported by the apparent discrepancy between the distribution and numbers of virus-infected cells and concomitant brain tissue pathology 5, 19. Whether these soluble factors are indirectly responsible for neuronal damage remains undefined. The identification and regulation of neurotoxins produced from HIV-infected macrophages are central to uncovering how HIV mediates CNS disease. The authors who contributed to this work represent laboratories with overlapping areas of expertise. Broad-based complementary hypotheses regarding HIV neuropathogenesis are now provided.
Gendelman et al. (Thu,) studied this question.
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