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July 26, 2026BMC PsychiatryOpen Access

Risk and protective factors for relapse after residential substance use treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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Authors

SNSajid NaeemINTI International UniversityARAmna RasheedLanzhou UniversityHPHasnain Ali PoonjaMonroe County Department of Public Health

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Implication

Systematic review quantifies risk and protective factors for relapse in substance use disorder treatment, suggesting areas for better outcomes.

Key Points

  • This review aims to identify and quantify risk and protective factors related to relapse following residential treatment for substance use disorder.
  • Conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis registered with PROSPERO (CRD420251252324).
  • Included 61 studies with 18,693 participants focusing on residential, inpatient, or therapeutic community treatment.
  • Employed random-effects models to analyze relapse-related outcomes and assessed methodological quality using NIH Quality Assessment Tool.
  • Interventions modestly increased abstinence rates (RR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.03–1.25).
  • Higher depression scores were associated with relapse (SMD, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.23–1.66).
  • Longer treatment duration correlated with improved outcomes, although results showed high variability.

Cite This Study

Naeem et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a65a3e4d3aea3239cd76bfehttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-026-08330-4
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